传说地球上本没有火种，那时人类的生活非常困苦。普罗米修斯为了给人类造福，就冒着生命危险，从太阳神阿波罗那里去偷走了一个火种，给人类带来了光明，是一位让人敬仰的神。他因此而受到宙斯的处罚，被绑在高加索山，每日忍受风吹日晒和鹫鹰啄食，后被赫拉克勒斯救出。

1. prometheus

1.1 安装

https://prometheus.io/download/

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wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.33.3/prometheus-2.33.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf prometheus-2.33.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo mv /opt/prometheus-2.33.3.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus

1.2 启动

1	sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service

[Unit]
Description=prometheus service
 
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/data --web.enable-admin-api
 
TimeoutStopSec=10
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable prometheus
sudo systemctl restart prometheus
sudo systemctl status prometheus

浏览器打开IP:9090端口即可打开 prometheus 自带的监控页面。

http://192.168.40.98:9090/

2. Grafana

2.1 安装

sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common wget
wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grafana

2.2 启动

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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
sudo systemctl start grafana-server

2.3 配置

浏览器访问IP:3000端口，即可打开grafana页面，默认用户名密码都是admin，初次登录会要求修改默认的登录密码：

http://192.168.40.98:3000

点击主界面的“Add your first data source”并选择Prometheus（这一步不能省）：

Dashboards页面选择“Prometheus 2.0 Stats”进行Import：

Settings页面填写普罗米修斯地址并保存：

http://192.168.40.98:9090/

切换到我们刚才添加的“Prometheus 2.0 Stats”即可看到整个监控页面(点击下面蓝色部分)：

3. 监控示例

3.1 CPU, 内存，磁盘（node_exporter）

为了能够采集到主机的运行指标如CPU, 内存，磁盘等信息。我们可以使用 Node Exporter。Node Exporter同样采用Golang编写，并且不存在任何的第三方依赖，只需要下载，解压即可运行。可以从 https://prometheus.io/download/#node_exporter 获取最新的node exporter版本的二进制包。

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wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo mv /opt/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 /opt/node_exporter

配置

增加service

1	sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=node_exporter service
 
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/opt/node_exporter/node_exporter
 
TimeoutStopSec=10
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable node_exporter
sudo systemctl start node_exporter
sudo systemctl status node_exporter

Prometheus配置文件添加监控项

sudo vi /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml

- job_name: 'linux-node'
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9100']
    labels:
      instance: linux-node1

9100是node_exporter的端口。

重启

sudo systemctl restart prometheus

此时可以去prometheus看下target是否有了。

导入grafana模板，数据展示

模板编号请去，grafana的官网 https://grafana.com/dashboards去查找，我用的编号 8919

选择我们前文创建好的数据源，点击导入即可。

3.1 MySQL(mysqld_exporter)

在被监控服务器创建监控用户

CREATE USER 'mysqld_exporter'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysqld_exporter';

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'mysqld_exporter'@'127.0.0.1';

GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.* TO 'mysqld_exporter'@'127.0.0.1';

flush privileges;

下载安装

https://prometheus.io/download/#mysqld_exporter

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wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.13.0/mysqld_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxf mysqld_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo mv /opt/mysqld_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64 /opt/mysqld_exporter

设置配置文件，user为数据库登录用户，password为这个用户的密码：

1 2	cd /opt/mysqld_exporter sudo vi .my.cnf

[client]
host=127.0.0.1
port=3306
user=mysqld_exporter
password=mysqld_exporter

配置开机自启动并启动服务

1	sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=mysqld_exporter service
 
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/opt/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/opt/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
 
TimeoutStopSec=10
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable mysqld_exporter
sudo systemctl start mysqld_exporter
sudo systemctl status mysqld_exporter

prometheus配置文件中加入mysql监控并重启：

1	sudo vi /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml

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- job_name: 'mysqld-node'
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9104']

重启服务

1	sudo systemctl restart prometheus

添加模板编号 7362

Levon's Blog

prometheus和grafana的安装和使用